Ndr; ,laIauka we;=¿ isõ fofkl= wuq wuqfõ uy oj,a >d;kh lr urK oඬqju kshuj  isák wd¾ ÿñkao is,ajd kS;sh kjd fyda fydfrka uqyqÿ u.ska fyda ráka msg lsÍfï ie,eiaul f;dr;=re wm fj; jd¾;d ù ;sfí'

kvqldr jßhlf.a iïnkaOh

fuys tla m%Odk ie,iqïldßhla jkafka kvqldrjßhl ùu úiauh cklh' ueh miq.sh 10 fjksod ÿñkao is,ajd yuqùug rd;%S 8'30 g nkaOkd.drh fj; f.dia we;' wm l< fidhd ne,Sfï§ weh nkaOkd.drhg we;=¿ jQ njg nkaOkd.drfha jd¾;d j, oelafõ' weh nkaOkd.dr frdayf,a isá ÿñkao is,ajd yuqjQ njg tys ffjoHjrfhl=o idlaIs imhhs' fï iïnkaOfhka jeä ÿr fidhd n,oa§ oek.kakg ,enqfka ÿñkao is,ajd nkaOkd.dr .; l< Èk rd;%Sfhao ueh nkaOkd.drhg meñK ÿñkao is,ajd yuqù we;s njhs'

fuh wdldr follskau kS;s úfrdaë fõ' tlla kï isrlrejka ne,Su iji 4'30 ka miq wjika ùfuka miq rd;%S 8'30 g ueh isrlrejl= yuqùuhs' tjeks kS;s úfrdaë yuqjlg bvÿka nkaOkd.dr ks,OdÍka iïnkaOfhka l%shd lsÍug nkaOkd.dr flduidßia jrhd j. n,d .; hq;=h'  fojekak kï ÿñkao is,ajd fYa%IaGdêlrKhg wNshdpkhla bÈßm;a lr ;sìh§ fYa%IaGdêlrK wjirhlska f;drj ufyaia;%d;ajßhl jQ ueh isrlrejd yuqùuhs'

uehf.a ;lalä l%shdj iïnkaOfhka wehf.a jev ;ykï lr jydu mÍlaIKhla meje;aùug wêlrK fiajd fldñiu lghq;= l< hq;=h'

ueh óg fmro wêlrK fiajd fldñifï mÍlaIkhlg ,la ù jro ms<sf.k iudj b,a,d isák ;eke;a;shla ùu úfYaIh' tjro weh isÿlr ;snqfka ÿñkao is,ajdf.a u;ao%jH cdjdrfï fhÿkq f.da,hkaj wem u; ksoyia lr heùuhs' úI j¾. wìx iy wka;rdhldÍ T!IO mkf;a 54 jeks j.ka;sh hgf;a kvq mjrd ;sfnk pqÈ;fhl=g wem ,nd Èh fkdyels kuq;a ueh tjeks 4 fofkl=gu wem ,nd foñka ksoyia lr ;sìK' wjia:d lsysmhl§ fuh isÿlr ;snqkq w;r ta ish¿ fokdu ÿñkao is,ajdf.a l=vq f.da,hka h' fï kS;s úfrdaë wem ,nd §u iïnkaOfhka wêlrK fiajd fldñiu úiska ueh le|jd mÍlaIK isÿl< wjia:dfõ§ weh mjid ;snqfka ;ud kS;sh fkdoek tfia l< nj;a ñka bÈßhg tfia fkdlrk nj;a ;udg iudj fok f,i;a h' tjr iudj ,enQ weh oeka b;du;a nrm;, jrola isÿlr ;sfí' ueh u;ao%jH cdjdrï lrejka iu. iïnkaOh oeka b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,s ù ;sfí'

ú‍fYaI{ ffjoHjrekaf.a iïnkaOh

ÿñkao is,ajd ráka mekakùfï tla ie,iqï ldßhlf.a ;;= tfiah' ;j;a m%Odk ie,iqï lrefjl= jkafka nkaOkd.dr frdayf,a m%Odk ffjoH ks,Odßhd jk úfYaI{ ffjoH ,laIauka chudkakh' ;j;a ie,iqï ldßhla kï ÿñkao is,ajd Ndr; ,laIauka we;=¿ isõ fokd >d;kh l< Èkfha§ u Tyq iïnkaOfhka jHdc ffjoH jd¾;djla ilid Tyq isx.mamQrejg megjQ chj¾Okmqr frdayf,a úfYaI{ fodia;rjßh ufyaIs úf–r;ak h' ;j;a ie,iqïlrefjl= kï chj¾Okmqr frdayf,a iNdm;s ffjoH w;=, ly|,shkf.a h'  

fudjqkaf.a ie,iqu wkqj ÿñkao is,ajd udihlg wdikak ld,hla WK frda.hg m%;sldr ,nd .ekSu i|yd hehs lshd nkaOkd.dr frdayf,a fkajdislj isáfha h' bkamiqj nkaOkd.dr frdayf,a úfYaI{ ffjoH ,laIauka chudkakf.a jHdc ks¾foaY u; Tyqj chj¾Okmqr frday, fj; heùu isÿ lrkafka miq.sh 11 fjksod jk Bfha h' chj¾Okmqr frday,g heùug lrk ,o ks¾foaY jkafka ñkSurejdg wu;lùu " lrleú,a," È.gu mj;sk ysiroh iy l,amkdj ke;sùu wd§ frda. ;;a;ajhka ;sfnk njhs' we| by m;a jd¾;dfõ ta nj oelafõ'

,laIauka chudkakf.a wmQre ks¾foaYhla kï ÿñkao f.a  frda. ;;a;ajhka i|yd m%;sldr ,nd §ug Tyqg fuhg fmr chj¾Okmqr frdayf,a m%;sldr l< ffjoHjßh fj;u heúh hq;= hehs ks¾foaY lsÍuhs' ffjoHjreka idudkHfhka wyj,df.kau m%;sldr ,eìh hq;=h lshd ks¾foaY lrkafka ke;s kuq;a ,laIuka chudkak,dg tajd .eg¿ fkdfõ' 

bkamiqj miq.sh ^11& chj¾Okmqr frday, fj; hejQ ÿñkao is,ajd h,s yrjd tjkq ,nhs'  Y%S chj¾Omqr frdayf,a iNdm;s ffjoH w;=, ly| ,shkf.a kue;a;d Bg fya;= f,i olajkafka tod ÿñkaog jHdc ffjoH jd¾;d ilid isx.mamQrejg hejQ úfYaI{ ffjoHjßh ufyaIs úf–r;ak rfÜ fkdue;s neúka Tyqg m%;sldr ,nd Èh fkdyels njhs' fuh kï wmQre ks.ukhls' frday,lg frda.sfhl= we;=Æ l< úg tys isákd ffjoHjreka ,jd m%;sldr ,nd fokjd úkd ksYaÑ; ffjoHjrhd ke;ehs lshd frda.shd yrjd hjkafka l=uk rgl l=uk frday,la o @ fuys§ isÿjkafka fjk;a ffjoHjrfhl= ÿñkaog bfyka nysk frda.hla fkdue;s nj igyka l<fyd;a l=uka;%Kh wid¾:l jk ksid yrjd hjkq ,eîuh' wm fj; jd¾;d jk mßÈ Bfha ^12& iji ufyaIs úf–r;ak ,xldjg meñK ;sfí'

kuq;a urk oKavkhg kshujq mqoa.,fhl= cd;sl frday, ;sìh§ w¾OrdcH frdy,la jk chj¾Okmqr frday, fj; heùu wmQ/ iy.;h ;jo urK oඬqju kshujQ mqoa.,hl= frdy,la fj; leojdf.k hkúg ffjoHjrhl= isà oehs fkdúuid f.k .sfha flfiaoehs nKaOkd.dr ks,odÍkaf.ka úuish hq;=h'

kuq;a isoaÈh fufiah fudyq f.khdug ie,iqïla we;ehs iudc fjí wvú l%shdl/jkag f;dr;=/ wkdjrkhjQ fyhska jyd l%shd;auljq Tjqka ta ms<snoj mqj;a m,lf,ah miqj tu ksid ìhgm;a fuu ffjoHj/ka  ÿñkao is,ajd /f.k tkúg ud/ ù we;' miqj frdy,a wOHlaIl jrhd úiska frdy,g Ndrfkdyels nj oekaùfuka wk;=/j kej; nKaOkd.drh fj; fudyq /f.k f.dia we;'

l=uka;%Kfha b;sß fldgi isÿjkafka fufiah' ufyaIs úf–r;ak kue;s  úfYaI{ ffjoHjßh úiska ÿñkao is,ajdg h,s isx.mamQrefõ Tyq m%;sldr l< frday,gu heúh hq;= hehs ks¾foaY lrkq we;' ta wkqj Tyq isx.mamQre hdug wêlrK wjirh m;kq we;' cdjdrï lrejkaf.a uqo,g .scqj 1833 isg ;snQ kS;shg mhska .id árdka w,ia ksoyia lr hejQ ,xldfõ fydrdêlrKh úiska ÿñkao is,ajd kue;s urK oKavkh ,nd isák ñkSurejdg ffjoH m%;sldr i|yd hhs lshd isx.mamQrejg hEug wjir fkdÿkafkd;a muKla mqÿu úh hq;=h' f,dalfha oekg urK oKavkh kshu ù we;s isrlrefjl=g ffjoH m%;sldr ;nd l=uk fya;=jlgj;a ;u wêlrK l,dmfhka msg;g heùug fkdyels kuq;a wjkS;shg lma .id we;s ,xldfõ wêlrKh f,dal jd¾;djla ;nñka urK oKavkh ,nd isák ÿñkao is,ajd kue;s iuQy >d;lhdg" l=vq rcdg ffjoH m%;sldr ,eîug lshd isx.mamQrejg hEug wjir §ug bv ;sfí' 

l=uka;%Kfha b;sß fldgi

wm wNHka;r f;dr;=re fiajhg jd¾;d ù we;s mßÈ l=uka;%Kfha bÈß fldgi fufiah' fYa%IaGdêlrKfha oekg úNd. ùug kshñ; ÿñkaof.a wNshdpkh wefik ;=re fudyq isx.mamQrefõ isákq we;' bka iykhla ,enqkfyd;a h,s ,xldjg meñfKkq we;s w;r tfia fkdue;s jqjfyd;a Tyq isx.mamQrefjka fjk;a rglg m,d hkq we;'

hï fyhlska isx.mamQre hEug wjirh fkd,enqkfyd;a ÿñkao is,ajd chj¾Ok mqr frday,g f.k hk" f.k tk úfgl nkaOkd.drh Ndrfhka mkakd f.k uqyqÿ u.ska fydfrka fndaÜgqjlska ráka msg lsÍug o ÿñkaof.a l=uka;%K lrejka ie,iqï lr we;s njo wm wNHka;r f;dr;=re fiajh fj; jd¾;d ù ;sfí' 

;jo  nKaOkd.dr ;=< isák fudyqg wê fm%daàk wdydr iy jHhdhdu Wmlrk ysñù we;s nj;a jd¾:djk w;r  Bfha rd;%sfha  nKaOkd.dr flduidßiajrhd iy ffjoH jrhl= nKaOkd.drh ;=< §¾. f,i idlÉPd mj;ajd we;s njhs

,xld B ksjqia weiqfrks